6:58 AM
Pixsimo
.jpg)
osteo arthritis
Degenerative osteoarthritis is a disease. This is an aging process which usually occurs in those who are in the age group 50 years and over. But the disease can also strike all ages, including 300 thousand children in the United States suffer from this disease.
There are two kinds of Osteoarthritis:
1. Primary osteoarthritis: experience after 45 years of age,
There are two kinds of Osteoarthritis:
1. Primary osteoarthritis: experience after 45 years of age,
as a result of the natural aging process, the exact cause is unknown, but the attack is slowly progressive, and can be about more than one joint. Usually attack weight bearing joints such as knees and hips, can also attack the back, neck, and fingers.
2. Secondary osteoarthritis: experience before the age of 45 years,
usually caused by trauma (instability) which causes injury to joints (eg a broken bone or joint surfaces are not parallel), due to loose joints, and surgery on the joints. Other causes are genetic and metabolic diseases.
Symptoms:
Joints stiff and painful when moved.
At first only occurred in the morning, but if allowed to get worse and cause pain each perform certain movements, especially at the time of sustaining weight loss, but could be improved if the recess. In some patients, joint pain can occur after a long break, such as sitting in a chair or on the seat of the car on the far way. Sometimes also be felt after waking up in the morning.
The existence of swelling / inflammation of the joints.
joint become red
tired accompanying pain in joints.
Difficulty using the joint.
Beep on every joints (crepitus). This symptom is painless, just do not feel comfortable at every joints (usually knees).
Changes in bone shape.
This is due to the growing network of damaged cartilage, bone begins to change shape and become inflamed, causing extreme pain.
Changes in bone shape.
This is due to the growing network of damaged cartilage, bone begins to change shape and become inflamed, causing extreme pain.
The cause of osteoarthritis is mixed. Some studies suggest a relationship between osteoarthritis with allergic reactions, infection, and invasion of fungi (mycosis). Other research also showed that heredity (genetic) involved in the decline of this disease. However, several risk factors of osteoarthritis are as follows:
Women aged over 45 years
Overweight
Excessive physical activity, such as athletes and manual laborers
Suffering from thigh muscle weakness
Ever had a broken bone around the joints that are not getting proper treatment
Women aged over 45 years
Overweight
Excessive physical activity, such as athletes and manual laborers
Suffering from thigh muscle weakness
Ever had a broken bone around the joints that are not getting proper treatment
Examination
physical examination which can be found on osteo arthrititis is swelling / inflammation of the joints. (crepitus). This symptom is painless, just do not feel comfortable at every joints (usually knees).
Investigations
In this investigation there are two things: a laboratory examination and radiological examination
1. laboratory examination
On examination of peripheral blood laboratories, immunology and joint fluid is generally no abnormalities, except for osteoarthritis is accompanied inflamation may get a decrease in viscosity, pleositosis mild to moderate, mild increase in inflammatory cells (> 8000 / m) and increased protein.
2. Radiological examination
Radiographically affected joints
In most cases, radiographic OA in the affected joints is sufficient to give a more sophisticated diagnostic images. Radiographic picture of the joints that support the diagnosis of OA are:
• narrowing of the joints that are often asymmetric (heavier burden on the affected part)
• increased density (sclerosis), subcondral bone
• bone cysts
• osteofit on the edge joints
• changes in anatomical structure joints
Based on radiographic changes above, the radiographic OA can be graded into mild to severe (dn Kellgren Lawrence criteria). It must be remembered that in early disease, radiographs often are normal joints.
physical examination which can be found on osteo arthrititis is swelling / inflammation of the joints. (crepitus). This symptom is painless, just do not feel comfortable at every joints (usually knees).
Investigations
In this investigation there are two things: a laboratory examination and radiological examination
1. laboratory examination
On examination of peripheral blood laboratories, immunology and joint fluid is generally no abnormalities, except for osteoarthritis is accompanied inflamation may get a decrease in viscosity, pleositosis mild to moderate, mild increase in inflammatory cells (> 8000 / m) and increased protein.
2. Radiological examination
Radiographically affected joints
In most cases, radiographic OA in the affected joints is sufficient to give a more sophisticated diagnostic images. Radiographic picture of the joints that support the diagnosis of OA are:
• narrowing of the joints that are often asymmetric (heavier burden on the affected part)
• increased density (sclerosis), subcondral bone
• bone cysts
• osteofit on the edge joints
• changes in anatomical structure joints
Based on radiographic changes above, the radiographic OA can be graded into mild to severe (dn Kellgren Lawrence criteria). It must be remembered that in early disease, radiographs often are normal joints.
.jpg)
management
Non-pharmacological therapy
1. Lighting
The purpose of the lighting is so that patients know the ins and outs of the disease, how to keep it from getting worse illness and joints can be used.
2. Physical therapy and rehabilitation
This therapy is to train patients to keep joints can be used to protect and train patient diseased joints.
3. Weight loss
Excessive body weight was a factor that will aggravate the disease osteoarthritis. Therefore weight should always be maintained so as not excessive. If the excess weight then weight loss should be sought, if possible close to ideal weight.
Pharmacologic therapy
1. Low dose salicylate: (be careful of side effects tinnitus)
2. Drugs other NSAIDs such as paracetamol, dihydrocodein, and dextropropoxyphene.
3. If severe pain may have inflammatory so it needs to be given non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics such as aspirin high doses of 5 grams a day, 3-4 x 25 mg indomethacin daily, mefenamic acid, flufenamik, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, aatau naproksen. Can also be given steroid injections intraartikuler, max 5 times a year with a distance of 2-4 weeks to avoid possible destruction of cartilage. Corticosteroids should not be given if there is infection or unstable joints. When the injections cause inflammatory cysts, give phenylbutazone 4 x 200 mg for two days.
4. Giving oral or systemic corticosteroids are contraindicated in patients with degenerative joint disease, because the bones will be more porous
Surgical Therapy
If other medical treatment fails, surgery can be performed. Some joints (especially hip and knee joints) can be replaced with artificial joints. This action is usually successful and obtaining almost can fix the joint function and joints, as well as reduce pain. if a limited joint function, it is recommended to undergo joint replacement. In certain cases, orthopedic surgery can be performed (ortoplastik).
Preventive action
Proper exercise (including stretching and strengthening) will help to maintain healthy cartilage, improve joint movement and strength of the muscles around it so that the muscles absorb the impact better.
Keep doing the activities and daily work, it is very important. Physical therapy is often conducted with heating. For pain in the fingers is recommended soaking the hands in hot paraffin mixture with mineral oil at a temperature of 47.8 to 52 º Celsius or shower with warm water.
Massage by trained personnel, traction (withdrawal) and heat treatments in the diathermy or ultrasound may be done in osteoarthritis in the neck. Drugs are a less important aspect. Pain medication (eg acetaminophen) is probably the only drug that is required. Drugs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (such as aspirin or ibuprofen) may be given to reduce pain and swelling.
If the joint suddenly becomes inflamed, swollen or painful, corticosteroids can be injected directly into the joints. If other treatments fail, surgery can be performed. Some joints (especially hip and knee joints) can be replaced with artificial joints. This action is usually successful and almost always can improve function and movement of joints, as well as reduce pain. Therefore, if the limited joint function, then it is advisable to undergo joint replacement.
Non-pharmacological therapy
1. Lighting
The purpose of the lighting is so that patients know the ins and outs of the disease, how to keep it from getting worse illness and joints can be used.
2. Physical therapy and rehabilitation
This therapy is to train patients to keep joints can be used to protect and train patient diseased joints.
3. Weight loss
Excessive body weight was a factor that will aggravate the disease osteoarthritis. Therefore weight should always be maintained so as not excessive. If the excess weight then weight loss should be sought, if possible close to ideal weight.
Pharmacologic therapy
1. Low dose salicylate: (be careful of side effects tinnitus)
2. Drugs other NSAIDs such as paracetamol, dihydrocodein, and dextropropoxyphene.
3. If severe pain may have inflammatory so it needs to be given non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics such as aspirin high doses of 5 grams a day, 3-4 x 25 mg indomethacin daily, mefenamic acid, flufenamik, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, aatau naproksen. Can also be given steroid injections intraartikuler, max 5 times a year with a distance of 2-4 weeks to avoid possible destruction of cartilage. Corticosteroids should not be given if there is infection or unstable joints. When the injections cause inflammatory cysts, give phenylbutazone 4 x 200 mg for two days.
4. Giving oral or systemic corticosteroids are contraindicated in patients with degenerative joint disease, because the bones will be more porous
Surgical Therapy
If other medical treatment fails, surgery can be performed. Some joints (especially hip and knee joints) can be replaced with artificial joints. This action is usually successful and obtaining almost can fix the joint function and joints, as well as reduce pain. if a limited joint function, it is recommended to undergo joint replacement. In certain cases, orthopedic surgery can be performed (ortoplastik).
Preventive action
Proper exercise (including stretching and strengthening) will help to maintain healthy cartilage, improve joint movement and strength of the muscles around it so that the muscles absorb the impact better.
Keep doing the activities and daily work, it is very important. Physical therapy is often conducted with heating. For pain in the fingers is recommended soaking the hands in hot paraffin mixture with mineral oil at a temperature of 47.8 to 52 º Celsius or shower with warm water.
Massage by trained personnel, traction (withdrawal) and heat treatments in the diathermy or ultrasound may be done in osteoarthritis in the neck. Drugs are a less important aspect. Pain medication (eg acetaminophen) is probably the only drug that is required. Drugs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (such as aspirin or ibuprofen) may be given to reduce pain and swelling.
If the joint suddenly becomes inflamed, swollen or painful, corticosteroids can be injected directly into the joints. If other treatments fail, surgery can be performed. Some joints (especially hip and knee joints) can be replaced with artificial joints. This action is usually successful and almost always can improve function and movement of joints, as well as reduce pain. Therefore, if the limited joint function, then it is advisable to undergo joint replacement.
Free Template Blogger collection template Hot Deals BERITA_wongANteng SEO theproperty-developer
0 comments:
Post a Comment