Syphilis-one of BAD genital disease

Syphilis
Definition:
Acute infectious disease, subacute, or chronic is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum is usually acquired through sexual contact with an infected person 

Cause: 
Spirochae T.phallidum first discovered in 1905 but the disease was

endemic in Europe in the XV century pertengaha. T.pallidum can penetrate through the normal mucosal epithelium and mild abrasion. Treponema breed slower than the primary pathological lesion is a focal endarteritis. Crease inflammation terhentuk around blood vessels attacked, had experienced an obliteration of the lumen, and heal with much fibrosis. Granulomatous reaction often found in secondary syphilis and information. Patients response to infection in the form of antibodies that a lot. These antibodies have any meaning for diagnosis

Sign & Symptoms:
Syphilis has several stages of infection. Once infected with syphilis, there is the incubation period, the period before the onset of symptoms until the open sore called a "chancre" approximately 90-90 days, generally on average during 21 days is already visible.

The first stage of syphilis can have an open sore called a chancre on the genitals, rectal, or oral. This open wound does not hurt. Enlarged lymph nodes may appear. A patient may not feel the pain and wounds usually heal by itself within 4-6 weeks, therefore the patient usually will not come to the doctor for treatment, but this does not mean syphilis disappear, but remain circulating in the body. If not handled properly, will continue into the next stage.

The second stage occurs about 1-6 months (averaging about 6-8 weeks) after the first infection, there are several different manifestations of this second stage. A red rash may occur without itchy in certain parts, like the palms of the hands and feet, or humid areas, such as the scrotum and labia. Besides the rash, other symptoms arise, such as fever, enlarged lymph nodes, sore throat, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and please note that the symptoms and signs of both syphilis infections will also be able to resolve on their own, but also keep in mind that this does not mean the syphilis is missing from your body, but continues until the stage of latent infection.

Latent stage is the stage where if you checked with lab tests, the results are positive, but there can be symptoms and signs or not. Latent stage is also divided as early and late latent stage. Expressed as early latent syphilis when syphilis was already inside the body for two years or less from the first infection with or without symptoms. While late latent syphilis if it has been suffering for two years or more of the first infection without evidence of clinical symptoms. In practice, it often is not known when began to hit so often has to be assumed that the patient has reached the latent stage.

Tertiary syphilis that appears on the third of the patients are not treated properly.Usually arise 10-10 years after initial infection, but in some cases up to 50 years can only arise, this stadium can be seen with the signs of such tumors arising from the soft lumps. At this stage, many organ damage that can occur, ranging from damage to bones, nerves, brain, muscle, eye, heart and other organs.

Diagnosis 
Syphilis can be diagnosed by way of rubbing the wound and results of smears examined under a special microscope (a microscope dark field of view). Under the microscope, bacteria sprikoheta will look.
When the microscope is not available, then the diagnosis can be established with the typical appearance of syphilis wounds.
There is also a special blood test for syphilis that is scanning VDRL (venereal Disease Research Laboratory) and RPR (Rapid Plasminogen Reagent). This test checks the body response to disease, not directly to the bacteria spirokheta.


Treatment:
Syphilis primary, secondary, and early latent (less than one year): the drug of choice is penicillin G benzathine 2.4 million units IM once; or procain penicillin G, 600,000 units IM every day for eight days.
Advanced latent syphilis (more than I year old) and cardiovascular sifillis: drug of choice is penicillin G procaine, 600,000 units per day for 15 days; or pcnicillin G benzathine, 2.4 million units IM every week for three weeks.
Neurosyphilis: penicilline crystalline G, 24 million units IV every 4 hours for 10 days, or penicillin G procaine, 1.2 million units IM each day for 15 days.
Congenital syphilis with a liquid to a normal serebrospinalis: penicillin G benzathine, 50.00 units / kg IM given once; if serebrospinalis abnormal fluid, crystalline penicillin G ~ 25,000 units / kg IM or IV 2 times daily for at least 10 days, or penicillin G procaine, 50 000 units / kg IM sebari of at least 10 days.
Patients who are sensitive to penicillin, for all types of: tetracycline 500 mg four times daily peroral for 15 days, or erythromycin, 500 mg four times a day peroral for 15 days, an adequate replacement therapy.
Jariseh-Herxbeimer reaction may occur within 6-8 hours after initial therapy; fever, chills, myalgia, tachycardia, and various other systemic symptoms, mucosal lesions, and neurologic lesions may worsen. This reaction was found to the 50% of patients with primary syphilis, 75% with secondary syphilis, and 30% with neurosyphilis. 

Prevention
How to prevent this disease is to avoid unsafe sex, do not have multiple sexual partners, and always maintain the cleanliness around the sex organs. 

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